Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), including the common cold and cough, are the most frequent illnesses in clinical practice, affecting the nose, mouth, pharynx, and larynx. These structures help trap and neutralize pathogens, but infection triggers inflammation, causing nasal congestion, sore throat, sneezing, and cough. The common cold (nasopharyngitis) spreads through contact or inhaled droplets, with viral invasion leading to characteristic cold symptoms. Treatment focuses on rest, hydration, and symptom relief with decongestants, ibuprofen, or acetaminophen. Since URTIs are viral, antibiotics are not indicated.
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